When planting a tree, what is the best method to help insure its survival?

• A. Apply fertilizer generously directly to the roots
• B. Prune the root ball
• C. Backfill with a high quality mulch
• D. Backfill with native soil

Answer: (D)

Backfilling with native soil is the best choice because it places roots into soil that matches what they will live in, which helps proper drainage, soil texture, and microbial life essential for root establishment. This compatibility encourages roots to spread outward rather than hitting a barrier of amended or layered material, reducing transplant shock and promoting healthier, faster establishment.

Filling with fertilizer directly to the roots can burn tender roots and push growth above the root system before it’s ready. Pruning the root ball can remove or damage fine roots needed for uptake, hindering establishment. Using a high-quality mulch as backfill creates a loose organic layer at the root zone rather than integrating with the surrounding soil, which can mess with drainage and gas exchange. Mulch belongs on the surface, not as the backfill material.